معاملة الفضلات السائله بمخلفات مصانع الاغذیه للحد من انبعاثات المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلفون

1 استاذ الهندسة الزراعیة المساعد - کلیة الزراعة - جامعة القاهرة، مصر.

2 مدرس الهندسة الزراعیة - کلیة الزراعة - جامعة القاهرة، مصر.

المستخلص

روث الماشیة هو المصدر الرئیسی لانبعاثات غاز الأمونیا (NH3) و یعتبر مصدرا هاما من مصادر غازات الاحتباس الحراری (غازات الدفیئة) وخاصة غاز المیثان(CH4)  وأکسید النیتروز( (N2O. هذا و تساهم انبعاثات الأمونیا فى زیادة المغذیات بکلا من المیاه والتربة والنظم الإیکولوجیة ورفع درجة الحموضه بها. کما تساهم الغازات الدفیئة فى ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراری. ویمکن تخفیض هذه الانبعاثات الغازیة عن طریق رفع درجة حموضة روث الماشیة مما یحد من انبعاثات کلا من غاز المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا. على الرغم من أن الأحماض غیر العضویة مهمه الا أن لها عیوب عدیدة منها تلوث التربة. یعتبر استخدام الأحماض العضویة وسیلة فعالة لکنها مکلفه؛ وبالتالی فإن استخدام مخلفات التصنیع الغذائى التی تحتوی على الأحماض العضویة هی مجدیة للغایة. الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة تأثیرات إستخدام مخلفات مصانع الاغذیه کإضافات لروث الماشیة على انبعاثات کلا من غاز المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا. تم معاملة الروث الناتج من الأبقار الحلوب بمخلفات التصنیع الغذائى (شرش اللبن و  مخلفات صناعة عصائر البرتقال و الحمضیات) ثم قیاس معدل تدفق کلا من غاز المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا باستخدام نظام مصمم خصیصا لهذا الغرض والذی یتکون من عدة قواریر و عداد لتسجیل انبعاثات الغازات المختلفه. أظهرت النتائج أن تدفقات الغاز المنبعث من روث الماشیة المعامل مع مخلفات صناعة عصائر الحمضیات کانت 13, 0.219 و 2.523 جرام/م2.یوم لکلا من المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا على التوالی. و تدفقات الغاز المنبعث من روث الماشیة المعامل بمخلفات صناعة عصائر البرتقال کانت 13.58، 0.223 و2.581 جرام/م2.یوم لکلا من المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا على التوالی. بینما کانت تدفقات الغاز المنبعث من روث الماشیة المعامل بشرش اللبن 17.45، 0.279 و3.063 جرام/م2.یوم لکلا من المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا على التوالی. فى حین أن تدفقات الغاز المنبعث من العینة الطبیعیه (خلیط  من روث الماشیة والمیاه) کانت 58.21، 0.347 و 18.9 جرام/م2.یوم لکلا من المیثان، وأکسید النیتروز والأمونیا على التوالی. وبناء على ذلک، فإن معاملة روث الماشیة بمخلفات مصانع الاغذیه قادره على الحد من الانبعاثات الغازیة من روث الماشیة.

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