تأثیر حقن الهواء على تحسین أنتاجیة وکفاءة استخدام المیاه للبطاطس فی التربة الرملیة الطینیة الطمییة

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلفون

1 أستاذ مساعد الهندسة الزراعیة - کلیة الزراعة - جامعة القاهرة، مصر.

2 أستاذ مساعد الخضر - کلیة الزراعة - جامعة القاهرة، مصر.

3 مدرس الهندسة الزراعیة - کلیة الزراعة - جامعة القاهرة، مصر.

المستخلص

أجریت دراسة حقلیة فی عامی 2012 و 2014 لتقییم تأثیر حقن الهواء فی خطوط التنقیط تحث نظام الری بالتنقیط التحت سطحی على نمو وأنتاجیة محصول البطاطس. وتمت مقارنة خصائص النمو والمحصول وکفاءة استخدام المیاه (WUE) للبطاطس المنزرعة فی التربة الرملیة الطینیة الطمییة مع الری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی مع حقن الهواء فی میاه الریومقارنتها مع البطاطس التی تزرع تحت الری بالتنقیط السطحی والری بالتنقیط التحت سطحی بدون خقن الهواء کمجموعة تحکم. زادت الأنتاجیة بمقدار 27.11 ٪ و 17.8٪ مع حقن الهواء مقارنة مع الری بالتنقیط (DI) و الری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی (SDI) على التوالی ، للموسم الأول، بینما کانت الأنتاجیة أکبر بنسبة 38.2 ٪ و 7.66 ٪ من الری بالتنقیط والری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی على التوالی، للموسم الثانی. کانت هناک زیادة فی کفاءة استخدام المیاه بنسبة 46.41٪ و 30.52٪  مع حقن الهواء مقارنة مع الری بالتنقیط والری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی على التوالی ، للموسم الأول، بینما کان أکبر  61.78 ٪ و 19.33 ٪ من الری بالتنقیط والری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی على التوالی ، للموسم الثانی . کان طول النبات أکبر بنسبة 14.7 ٪ و 6.07%  مع حقن الهواء مما کانت علیه فی الری بالتنقیط والری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی على التوالی، للموسم الأول، بینما کان طول النبات أکبر بنسبة 14.13 ٪ و 9.7 ٪ فی الموسم الثانی. وکان الوزن الطازج للنبات أکبر بنسبة 14.8 ٪ و 4.61 ٪ مع حقن الهواء مقارنة مع الری بالتنقیط والری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی على التوالی، للموسم الأول، بینما کان أکبر بنسبة 37.6 ٪ و 1.94 ٪ للموسم الثانی . ومن خلال هذه النتائج توصی الدراسة بتطبیق الری بالتنقیط تحت السطحی مع حقن الهواء لری البطاطس وذلک لزیادة الأنتاجیة وکفاءة أستخدام المیاه .

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