تطبیق حاسوبی تفاعلی للتنبؤ بمؤشرات الأداء لوحدة محراث حفار-جرار فی بیئة سی شارب

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلف

باحث أول، معهد بحوث الهندسة الزراعیة، مرکز البحوث الزراعیة، ج.م.ع

المستخلص

یعتبر المحراث الحفار واحد من آلات الحراثة التی تستخدم بکثرة فی المزارع المصریة لتوافره ومقدرته على تفکیک التربة وإزالة  بقایا النباتات. ومن ناحیة أخرى یجب اختیار متغیرات التشغیل لوحدة میکنة مکونة من جرار زراعی- محراث حفار  لتنفیذ عملیة حرث بکفاءة تشغیلیة عالیه، وهذه الکفاءة التشغیلیة تعتمد على متغیرات خاصة بالجرار (قدرة الجرار)،  ومتغیرات خاصة بالمحراث (عرض المحراث)، ومتغیرات خاصة بالتربة (مکونات التربة من الرمل والطمی والطین والمحتوى الرطوبی والکثافة الظاهریة) ومتغیرات خاصة بالتشغیل الحقلی (سرعة وعمق الحرث).

وفی المقابل لاختیار هذه المتغیرات، یتم الاعتماد على الخبرة أو تنفیذ تجربة للتأکد من أن عملیة الحرث تتم بکفاءة. لذا فی هذه الدراسة تم تطویر تطبیق حاسوبی تفاعلی سهل الاستخدام من قبل مدیری المیکنة الزراعیة للتنبؤ بمعاییر الأداء لوحدة المیکنة المکونة من جرار زراعی- محراث حفار، وهذه المعاییر شملت السعة الحقلیة الفعلیة، استهلاک الوقود، طاقة الحرث، قوة الشد المطلوبة، الکفاءة الحقلیة، الاستهلاک النوعی للوقود، القدرة اللازمة للحرث وکفاءة الطاقة الکلیة ، واعتمد فی بناء التطبیق على لغة سی شارب الحاسوبیة ومعادلات مطورة من بیانات حقلیة فعلیة. واعتبر معامل التحمیل للجرار أداة تحکم لحساب قوة الشد من خلال مقارنة معدل الاستهلاک النوعی للوقود لعملیة حرث محددة  ومعدل الاستهلاک النوعی للوقود المحسوب من معادلة الجمعیة الأمریکیة للمهندسین الزراعیین القیاسیة لوقود الدیزل، وعندما یتساوى هذان المعدلان من خلال عملیة حسابیة داخل التطبیق، یتم حساب قوة الشد المطلوبة. ویمکن استخدام التطبیق أیضًا کأداة لاختیار متغیرات التشغیل للوصول إلى التشغیل الأمثل لوحدة المیکنة (جرار+محراث حفار) من خلال أن تکون قیمة کفاءة الطاقة الکلیة لعملیة الحرث فی الحدود من 10 – 20 % . وهذا البرنامج مناسب لأغراض إدارة المیکنة الزراعیة، وتعلیم طلاب تخصص المیکنة الزراعیة، حیث یمکن تشغیل التطبیق على سطح المکتب فی بیئة النوافذ دون الحاجة إلى وجود لغة سی شارب الحاسوبیة. 

وللتأکد من عمل التطبیق المطور بصورة صحیحة، استخدمت بیانات من بحث سابق لمحراث حفار وجرار یعملا فی ظروف محددة وبعد أن تساوی معدلی استهلاک الوقود  النوعی (0,53 لتر/کیلوات.ساعة) عند معامل تحمیل للجرار قدره 0,62 کان الشد المتنبأ به حوالی 16,73 کیلو نیوتن وکانت نسبة الخطأ  النسبی بین الشد المتنبأ به والشد الفعلی حوالی 16%. وأثبت التطبیق سهولة استخدامه من أجل الغرض الذی صمم من أجله.

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