تاثير مغنطة مياه الري المالحة علي خصائص التربة الميكانيكية وكفاءة النقاطات وإنتاجية الباذنجان في التربة الملحية.

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلفون

1 استاذ بقسم الهندسة الزراعية والنظم الحيوية كلية الزراعة جامعة الأسكندرية, مصر

2 معيد قسم الهندسة الزراعية والنظم الحيوية كلية الزراعة جامعة الاسكندرية مصر

3 استاذ مساعد بقسم الهندسة الزراعية والنظم الحيوية کلية الزراعة جامعة الإسکندرية جمهورية مصر العربية

المستخلص

تواجه المناطق الساحلية صعوبات في الزراعة، ويرجع ذلك الى تملح المياه والتربة. وتساهم الأملاح في تكون طبقة صماء تعيق الانبات، وتعمل على تغيير الخصائص الميكانيكية للتربة. ويوجد العديد من الطرق لحل هذه المشكلة ولكنها تعد مكلفة مقارنة بطريقة معالجة المياه مغناطيسياً والتي تعد اقتصادية. يهدف هذا البحث إلي تقييم تأثير المعالجة المغناطيسية لمياه الري المالحة في التربة الملحية على خصائص التربة وتوزيع الاملاح وكفاءة النقاطات وإنتاجية الباذنجان. لذلك استخدم جهاز مغنطة قياسي بشدة 1.45 Tesla طبقاً لقيم ملوحة ماء الري والتي تقدر 4.95 dS/m. تم اجراء تجربة حقلية فعلية لتربة تعاني من هذه المشاكل وتم قياس المؤشرات النباتية لنبات الباذنجان، وتتبع الأملاح في التربة، وتقيم انسداد المنقطات، وقياسات على الخواص الميكانيكية للتربة لمعرفة تأثير المعاملة على تكون القشرة السطحية للتربة. وكانت المعاملات المستخدمة في التجربة هي المستوي القياسي "ماء الصنبور، وماء مالح، وماء مالح معالج مغناطيسياً. وكانت النتائج للماء المالح المعالج مغناطيسياً كقيم نسبية مقارنة بالماء المالح قبل المعالجة كما يلي: حسنت المعالجة المغناطيسية الخصائص النباتية بشكل ملحوظ، حيث زاد معدل النمو بمقدار 51.3%. انتاجية الباذنجان عند استخدام المياه المعالجة مغناطيسيا أعلى بنسبة 81.6%. كمية الأملاح بالتربة عند استخدام الماء المالح المعالج انخفض بمعدل 35% عن القيمة الابتدائية، مقارنة بزيادة قيم الأملاح بمقدار 3.7% للماء المالح فقط. معامل الانتظامية الاحصائي كمؤشر لانسداد النقاطات في شبكة الري كان للماء المالح المعالج 75%, وللماء المالح فقط 48%. قياسات الخواص الميكانيكية للتربة كمؤشر لتكون القشرة السطحية، للماء المالح المعالج قلت قيم مقاومة اختراق التربة بمقدار 39.6%. أما قيم تماسك التربة قلت بمقدار 8.4%، وكذلك بالنسبة لقيم زاوية الاحتكاك الداخلي للتربة قلت بمقدار 26.3%. 

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


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