تأثيرنظام الري وتوزيع النباتات على النمو والمحصول وکفاءة استخدام المياه لبعض أصناف الفاصوليا

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلفون

1 أستاذ الهندسة الزراعية المساعد - معهد الدراسات والبحوث البيئية - جامعة مدينة السادات - مصر.

2 أستاذ البساتين المتفرغ - معهد الدراسات والبحوث البيئية - جامعة مدينة السادات - مصر.

3 طالب دراسات عليا (بساتين) بمعهد الدراسات والبحوث البيئية - جامعة مدينة السادات - مصر.

المستخلص

أجريت هذه الدراسة خلال موسمى النمو الشتوى 2019 و2020 بمزرعة خاصة بمنطقة الخطاطبة منوفية بهدف معرفة تأثيرنظام الري وتوزيع النباتات على النمو والأنتاجية وکفاءة استخدام المياه لبعض أصناف الفاصوليا تحت ظروف التربة الرملية، أصناف الفاصوليا (ألفا، جيزة 6، الکرنک ونبراسکا) تحت نظامى الرى بالتنقيط والرشاش الدقيق، تم توزيع الأصناف داخل الخطوط على نظامين ( توزيع منتظم للبذور وتوزيع غير منتظم). يمکن الاستنتاج أنه في ظل ظروف هذه التجربة، کان نظام الري بالتنقيط هوأفضل نظام يمکن استخدامه. أهم النتائج المحققة کانت کالتالى:
وجود فروق معنوية للتداخل بين نظام الرى، توزيع النباتات وأصناف الفاصوليا لکل صفات النمو والإنتاجية حيث کانت:
- أعلى قيمة لعدد النباتات/هکتار (278635 نبات/هکتار) للتداخل (رى بالتنقيط -توزيع منتظم للنباتات – صنف ألفا) بينما أقل قيمة لعدد النباتات/هکتار (129856 و 117135 نبات/هکتار) للتداخل (رشاش دقيق -توزيع غيرمنتظم للنباتات – صنف نبراسکا) خلال موسمى النمو 2019 و2020 على التوالى.
- أعلى قيمة للوزن الجاف للبذور (2.52 ميجاجرام/هکتار) ووزن 100 بذرة (56.33 جرام) للتداخل (رى بالتنقيط -توزيع منتظم للنباتات – صنف ألفا) خلال موسم النمو 2020 بينما أقل قيمة للوزن الجاف للبذور (1.14 ميجاجرام/هکتار) ووزن 100 بذرة (37 جرام) للتداخل (رشاش دقيق -توزيع غيرمنتظم للنباتات – صنف نبراسکا) خلال موسمى النمو 2020 و2019على التوالى.
- أعلى قيمة لوزن القرون الکلى (9.2 ميجاجرام/هکتار) وکفاءة الإستهلاک المائى (1.57کيلوجرام/متر3)  للتداخل (رى بالتنقيط -توزيع منتظم للنباتات – صنف ألفا) خلال موسم 2020، بينما أقل قيمة لوزن القرون الکلى (4.43 ميجاجرام/هکتار) وکفاءة الإستهلاک المائى (0.67 کيلوجرام/متر3)  للتداخل (رشاش دقيق -توزيع غيرمنتظم للنباتات – صنف نبراسکا) خلال موسم النمو 2019.

الكلمات الرئيسية

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