تقییم وتنقیة الغاز الحیوی المنتج من المخلفات الزراعیة ویاسنت الماء

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلفون

1 مدرس الهندسة الزراعیة – قسم الهندسة الزراعیة - کلیة الزراعة- جامعة کفر الشیخ، مصر.

2 مدرس المیکروبیولوجی الزراعیة- قسم النبات الزراعی- فرع المیکروبیولوجی- کلیة الزراعة- جامعة کفر الشیخ، مصر.

المستخلص

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقییم انتاج الغاز الحیوی (البیوجاز) من المخلفات الزراعیة ویاسنت الماء المتاحة فی الریف المصری. بالاضافة إلى دراسة تأثیر عملیة التقلیب للمخلوط المتخمر وتنقیة الغاز المنتج من الشوائب على کمیة الغاز المنتج وجودته. أجریت التجارب بالمزرعة البحثیة التابعة لکلیة الزراعة- جامعة کفر الشیخ خلال 2005/2006.

 تم استخدام خمسة مخالیط من المخلفات وهى: مخلوط 1 (مخلفات البطاطس + أوراق بنجر السکر)، مخلوط 2 (روث الماشیة)، مخلوط 3 (یاسنت الماء +  روث الماشیة)، مخلوط 4 (قش الأرز + روث الماشیة + مخلفات الدواجن)، مخلوط 5 (قش القصب + روث الماشیة). وضعت المخالیط السابقة فی خمسة مخمرات منفصلة وتم تقلیب کل منها بمقلب معدنی تم تشغیله یدویا بالإضافة إلى خمسة مخمرات أخرى بدون تقلیب. ویمکن تلخیص النتائج الرئیسیة للدراسة فیما یلی:
-        أعطت المخالیط المختلفة (1 ، 3، 4، 5) زیادة فی نسبة المیثان مقارنة بروث الماشیة فقط (2).
-         بلغت أقصى قیمة للغاز المنتج حوالى 0.344 و 0.476 لتر/لتر/یوم بدون تقلیب وباستخدام التقلیب على التوالی فی حالة المخلوط 5.
-         أوضحت الدراسة وجود تأثیرًا ملحوظاً لعملیة التقلیب على کمیة الغاز المنتج، حیث أدت عملیة التقلیب إلى زیادة کمیة الغاز المنتج بحوالی 60.33٪ مقارنة بدون تقلیب.
-         کانت أعلى قیم لغاز المیثان المنتج هی 75.0 ، 69.7 و 68.6 ٪ فی حالة المخالیط 1 ، 5 و 3 على التوالی.
-         تراوحت نسبة  CO2   من 31.65 إلى 37.46٪، بینما تراوحت نسبة  H2S  من 2017.6 إلى 2622.4 جزء فی الملیون (ppm) .
-         بلغت کفاءة إزالة (تنظیف) کل من  CO2 و H2S  حوالی 94.84 و 97.2 ٪ على التوالی.
-         أدت عملیة تنقیة الغاز الحیوی إلى زیادة نسبة غاز  المیثان إلى 95.71٪ ورفع قیمته الحراریة إلى 31.28 میجاجول/م3 .
-         أوضحت الدراسة أن عملیة خلط وتقلیب المخلفات المختلفة مهمة لإنتاج الغاز الحیوی وأن عملیة التنقیة باستخدام الماء والأکسدة الجافة ذات کفاءة و فاعلیة فی رفع جودة الغاز المنتج بالإضافة إلى قلة تکلفتها.

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