التحویل البیولوجی لکسر حبیبات الأرز الى الایثانول

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلفون

1 أستاذ الهندسة الکیمائیة- کلیة الهندسة - جامعة الإسکندریة - مصر.

2 باحث بمرکز تدریب تکنولوجیا الأرزبالأسکندریة - مصر.

المستخلص

تقدمت تکنولوجیا انتاج الایثانول الحیوی کثیرا خلال العقدین الاخیرین بحیث  أن انتاجه على نطاق واسع سیصبح حقیقة فی السنوات القلیلة القادمة. هذا بأستخدام  بعض المخلفات زراعیة المنشأ کمصدر لانتاج الطاقة. ومن المعروف أن المواد الخام المستخدمة فی انتاج الإیثانول عن طریق التخمیر یمکن تصنیفهم الی ثلاثة أنواع رئیسیة من المواد الخام: السکریات الأحادیة والمواد النشویة والسیلیلوزیة. ویهدف البحث الحالی الى انتاج الإیثانول الحیوی من التحلل المائی لحبیبات الأرز المکسور التى تعتبر منتج ثانوى فى صناعة ضرب الأرز. ولقد استخدمت اربعة إجراءات مختلفة والتی وجد ان الأخیرة کانت الأفضل حیث وصل ترکیز الإیثانول الى 58,5% , حیث تم غسل کسر حبیبات الأرز بالماء جیدا ثم تجفیفها وطحنها الى منتج جید النعومة, تلیها ضبط درجة الحموضة بواسطة حامض مخفف وتم اجراء عملیة الطبخ علیها فی حلة ضغط دفعی, یلی ذلک اضافة عدة انواع من الفطریات على المعلق الناتج لتکسیر مجموعات النشا الى دکسترین, وبعد ذلک تم معاملة العجینة الناتجة بفطر آخر لتحویل الدکسترین الى سکریات احادیة " جلوکوز"  ثم تم تخمیر المعلق الناتج باستخدام خمیرة الخبز ((saccharomyces cerevisiae  الى ایثانول والذى تم تحدید ترکیزه بواسطة ایجاد کثافة المحلول الناتج بعد الترشیح عند ازمنة مختلفة , ولکی نفصل الایثانول الناتج عن الماء فی المحلول یمکننا ذلک بتقطیره والافضل استخدام طریقة التبخیر الغشائی ((pervaporation   لفصل الماء وأی منتج ثانوی یوجد معه وذلک باستخدام اغشیة مختلفة من اختیارنا والتی یتم تحضیرها بمختبراتنا  وبذلک یتم تحضیر الایثانول الحیوی النقی وفى نفس الوقت  یتم علاج المنتج المتبقی بتقلیل محتواه المائی وبیعه کغذاء حیوانى.

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