LOW QUALITY WATER TREATMENT AND DESELIMATION ABASED ON SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Prof. Emt of Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain shams University, Egypt.

2 Assist. Prof. of Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain shams University, Egypt.

3 Assist. Prof. of Mech. Eng. Dept., National Research Center, Egypt.

4 Assist. Research of Water Pollution Dept., National Research Center, Egypt.

Abstract

The present study introduces an application of solar energy in water treatment and desalination for small-scale needs. A lab scale solar system is used for brackish water and agricultural drainage water treatment and desalination. agricultural drainage water passes through sand filter to solar collector, then the heated water enters to evaporating chamber maintained at low pressure.  Once the hot water enters to this chamber it is evaporated and condensed to fresh water. The effect of different factors such as solar radiation, vacuum pressure, cooling water flow rate and inlet water temperature which affect on system productivity was studied. An economic analysis was conducted to estimate the cost of water production by the proposed system. The system was efficient to reduce total dissolved solid (TDS) from 1500-2400 mg/lit to less than 15 mg/lit and to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from 50- 90mg/lit to less than 5 mg/lit. The proposed system gives a reasonable production of fresh water up to 5 L/m2/day. The system achieved gained output ratio (GOR) 1.2 and distillation efficiency about 52%.

Keywords

References

Abd ElMoniem, A. A.,(2009). Overview of Water Resources and Requirements in Egypt; The Factors Controlling its Management and Development. Journal of Environmental Studies, 2:85-97
Abdalrehim, Z. S. and Lashin, A. (2007), Experimental and theoretical study of a solar desalination system located in Cairo, Egypt. Desalination; 217:52-64.
Ahmad. G.E. Schmid J. (2002). Feasibility study of brackish water desalination in the Egyptian deserts and rural regions using PV systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 43 : 2641–2649.
Abulnour,A.G; Sorour.M.H ; Talaat, H.A.(2002). Comparative economics for desalting  of agricultural drainage  water (ADW). Desalination, 152: 353-357.
APHA, American Public Health Association,(2005). Standared methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21 th ed. United Book press, USA
Awady, M. N., (1978).  Tractor and Farm Machinery. Text(Arabic)., Col.  Ag., Ain  Shams U. : 146 – 167.
Baig, H. Antar, M.A. Syed, M. Zubair,S.M.(2011). Performance evaluation of a once-through multi-stage flash distillation system: Impact of brine heater fouling. Energy Conversion and Management, 52 :1414–1425.
Goosen, F.A. Sablani S. S. Shayya, W. H. Charles, P.Hilal, A.(2000). Thermodynamic  and economic considerations in solar desalination. Desalination, 129: 63-89.
Hussein, A.A. ElGamal;Hatem, M.M.Ali.(2008).Commissioning of  bandoned drainage water reuse systems in Egypt: A case study of upgrading the umoum project, Nile delta.The3rd international conference on water resources and arid environments and the 1st Arab water forum.
Kabeel, A.E. Emad, M.S.(2013). A hybrid solar desalination system of air humidification–dehumidification and water flashing evaporation Part I. A numerical investigation. Desalination, 320: 56–72
Kabeel, A.E. Emad, M.S.(2014). Applicability of flashing desalination technique for small scale needs using a novel integrated system coupled with nano fluid-based solar collector. Desalination, 333 : 10-22
Khawaji, A.D. Wie, J. and Khan, T.(1997)  Proc., IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, Madrid, Spain, Oct. 6-9, 1997, 2 (1997) 3.
Koschikowski, J.Wieghaus,M.Rommel,M.(2003). Solar Thermal-Driven desalination Plants Based on Membrane Distillation .Desalination, 156:295-304
Lamei, A. van der Zaag, P.  von Munch, E.(2008). Impact of solar             energy cost on water production cost of seawater desalination plants in Egypt. Energy Policy, 36 : 1748–1756
Lee,R.W;Glater,j;Cohen,y;Martin,C;Kovac,K;Milbar,M.N;Bartel,D.W (2003) Low-pressure RO membrane desalination of agricultural drainage water. Desalination, 155:109-120
Ma, J.  Sun, W. Ji, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, A. Fan, W.(2011). Experimental and theoretical study of the efficiency of a dual-function solar collector. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31: 1751-1756
Nafey, A. Safwat. Mohamad, M.A. El-Helaby, S.O. Sharaf, M.A.(2007). Theoretical and experimental study of a small unit for solar desalination using flashing process Energy Conversion and Management, 48: 528–538.
Omara, Z.M., Eltawil, M. A.(2013). Hybrid of solar dish concentrator, new boiler and simple solar collector for brackish water desalination. Desalination, 326:62–68.
Rada, Z. A, Fatihah, S, Mohd, H. R, Nurul’ain, A.(2013). The application of a solar still in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment. Solar Energy; 93:63–71.
Reddy, K.S. Kumar, K. R. O'Donovan, T. S. Mallick, T.K.(2012). Performance analysis of an evacuated multi-stage solar water desalination system Desalination, 288 : 80–92.
Shatat,M. Worall,M. Riffat, S.(2013). Economic study for anaffordable small scale solar water desalination system in remote and semi-arid region. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25:543–551.
Talaat, H.A; Sorour.M.H ; Rahman.N.A;Shaalan H.F.(2002). Pretreatment of agricultural drainage water (ADW) for large-scale desalination. Desalination, 152:  299- 305.
Talaat, H.A;Ahmed.S.R.(2007).Treatment of agricultural drainage water: technological  schemes and financial indicators. desalination, 204:102-112.
Wei, L. Yuan, D. Tang, D. Wu, B.(2013). A study on a flat-plate type of solar heat collector with an integrated heat pipe. Solar Energy, 97: 19–25.
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 2
April 2015
Pages 909-926

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics