DEVELOPMENT OF WATER CULTURE SYSTEM DEPENDING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY TO SUIT REMOTE AREAS

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Prof. Emt. of Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt.

2 Assoc. Prof., Ag. Eng. Dept, Fac. of Ag., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt.

3 Researcher, Hort. Res. Inst., Ag. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

4 Exp. Eng., Ag. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate two closed solar pumping systems with hydroponic (NFT) units using (large and small scale-models with same mechanism, and were planted with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L, Beta Alpha var.) and mint (Mentha viridis, Mentha spicata var. ciliate) respectively to present a suitable solution for electricity problem in the remote areas, as well as aims to introduce a water saving technique (hydroponic), to cope with water scarcity problem in arid areas.
The effect of daily solar radiation and motor speed (rpm) on the water flow rate of the two systems were evaluated, the results indicated that as daily solar radiation increased, the motor speed (rpm) increased, and consequently the flow rate increased for the two pumping systems, but the increasing of the flow rate for DC motor pump was more effective.
The average leaf area was determined at the end of the culture season for cucumber and mint. The results indicated that the water consumption for one plant of cucumber and mint were 46.7 and 9.4 litters respectively at the end of the season, and (WUE) for one plant of cucumber and mint were 53.5 and 42.328 g/liter respectively, also, the average leaf area for one plant of cucumber and mint were 196.08 and 2.7 cm2 respectively.     

Keywords

References

Abd El-Reheim, Z. S. A. and L. Ashraf, 2007, Experimental and theoretical study of a solar desalination system located in Cairo, Egypt, Desalination, 217:52 – 64.

Abdel-Shafy, H. I. and Aly, R. O., 2002, Water Issue in Egypt: Resources and Protection Endeavorse, CEJOEM, Vol.8. No. 1: 3- 21.

Ahmad, G. E. and Schmid, J., 2002, Feasibility study of brackish water desalination in the Egyptian deserts and rural regions using PV systems, Energy Conversion and Management, 43: 2641 – 2649.

Alazard, M.; Leduc, C.; Travi, Y.; Boulet, G. and Ben Salem, A., 2015, Estimating evaporation in semi-arid areas facing data scarcity: Example of the El Haouareb dam (Merguellil catchment, Central Tunisia), Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 3 (2015) 265–284.

Awady, M. N., 1978, Tractor and Farm Machinery. Txt bk., Col. Ag., Ain Shams U.: 146 – 167.

Dinar, A.; Benhin, J.; Hassan, R. and Mendelsohn, R., 2012, Climate change and agriculture in Africa, impact assessment and adaption strategies, page 2.

El-Shinawy, M. Z. 1997,Response of cucumber plants to irrigation under some environmental conditions Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt, 65 – 66.
Gallardo, M.; L. E. Jackson; K. Schulbach; R. L. Snyder; R. B. Thompson and L. J. Wyland, 1996, Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply. Irrig. Sci., 16: 125 – 137.

Ghoneim, A. A., 2006, Design optimization of photovoltaic powered water pumping systems, Energy Conversion and Management 47 : 1449–1463.

Grewal, H. S.; Maheshwari, B. and Parks, S. E., 2011, Water and nutrient use efficiency of a low-cost hydroponic greenhouse for a cucumber crop: An Australian case study, Agricultural WaterManagement xxx : xxx–xxx.

Hanif, M.; Ramzan, M.; Rahman, M.; Khan, M.; Amin, M.; Aamir, M., 2012, Studying Power Output of PV Solar Panels at Different Temperatures and Tilt Angles, ISESCO JOURNAL of Science and Technology, volume 8, number 14: 9 – 12 .

Hashem, F. H. 2007, Studies on water requirements and nitrogen fertilization for cucumber under protected cultivation, Master. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt, 41 – 49.

Hegazi, A. M. M., 2010, Solar Powered Irrigation Management Using Neutron Scattering Technique, Agriculture Engineering department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.

New & Renewable Energy Authority (NREA), 2010, Annual Report, Ministry of Electricity & Energy, Pages 28 – 29.
New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) 2012, annual report 2012/2013, Ministry of Electricity and Energy, pages 11 – 12.

Senol, R., 2012, An analysis of solar energy and irrigation systems in Turkey, Energy Policy 47: 478 – 486 .

Shabana, H. R. and N. S. Antoun, 1980, The determination of Leaf Area Indate Palm "BeitroyaZurTropischen Land Wirtschaft and VearinarMedizin", 18 (4): 345 – 349 (C. F. Hort. Abst., 51: 9012).

Sopian, K.; Ali, B.; Asim, N., 2011, Strategies for renewable energy applications in the organization of Islamic conference (OIC) countries, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, volume 15, Issue 9, Pages 4706–4725.

Stamps, R. H., 2007, Effect of Hogland's Solution Concentration and Aeration on Hydroponic PterisVittata Production, Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 120: 337 – 339.

Tawfiq, F. D., 2007, M. N. El-Awady, M. M.; M. M. Hegazy and M. F. M. Abd El-Salam, Utilization of non-traditional energy in water culture for remote areas, Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol. 24. No. 1.

Vick, B. D.; Clark, R. N., 2009, Determining the Optimum Solar Water Pumping System for Domestic Use, Livestock Watering or Irrigation, A SES National Solar Conference, American Solar Energy Society.

Wang, S. and F. Zhang. 2004, Effect of different water treatment on photosynthesis characteristics and leaf ultra structure of cucumber growing in solar greenhouse. Acta Hort., 633:397 – 401.

Abd El-Reheim, Z. S. A. and L. Ashraf, 2007, Experimental and theoretical study of a solar desalination system located in Cairo, Egypt, Desalination, 217:52 – 64.

Abdel-Shafy, H. I. and Aly, R. O., 2002, Water Issue in Egypt: Resources and Protection Endeavorse, CEJOEM, Vol.8. No. 1: 3- 21.

Ahmad, G. E. and Schmid, J., 2002, Feasibility study of brackish water desalination in the Egyptian deserts and rural regions using PV systems, Energy Conversion and Management, 43: 2641 – 2649.

Alazard, M.; Leduc, C.; Travi, Y.; Boulet, G. and Ben Salem, A., 2015, Estimating evaporation in semi-arid areas facing data scarcity: Example of the El Haouareb dam (Merguellil catchment, Central Tunisia), Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 3 (2015) 265–284.

Awady, M. N., 1978, Tractor and Farm Machinery. Txt bk., Col. Ag., Ain Shams U.: 146 – 167.

Dinar, A.; Benhin, J.; Hassan, R. and Mendelsohn, R., 2012, Climate change and agriculture in Africa, impact assessment and adaption strategies, page 2.

El-Shinawy, M. Z. 1997,Response of cucumber plants to irrigation under some environmental conditions Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt, 65 – 66.
Gallardo, M.; L. E. Jackson; K. Schulbach; R. L. Snyder; R. B. Thompson and L. J. Wyland, 1996, Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply. Irrig. Sci., 16: 125 – 137.

Ghoneim, A. A., 2006, Design optimization of photovoltaic powered water pumping systems, Energy Conversion and Management 47 : 1449–1463.

Grewal, H. S.; Maheshwari, B. and Parks, S. E., 2011, Water and nutrient use efficiency of a low-cost hydroponic greenhouse for a cucumber crop: An Australian case study, Agricultural WaterManagement xxx : xxx–xxx.

Hanif, M.; Ramzan, M.; Rahman, M.; Khan, M.; Amin, M.; Aamir, M., 2012, Studying Power Output of PV Solar Panels at Different Temperatures and Tilt Angles, ISESCO JOURNAL of Science and Technology, volume 8, number 14: 9 – 12 .

Hashem, F. H. 2007, Studies on water requirements and nitrogen fertilization for cucumber under protected cultivation, Master. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt, 41 – 49.

Hegazi, A. M. M., 2010, Solar Powered Irrigation Management Using Neutron Scattering Technique, Agriculture Engineering department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.

New & Renewable Energy Authority (NREA), 2010, Annual Report, Ministry of Electricity & Energy, Pages 28 – 29.
New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) 2012, annual report 2012/2013, Ministry of Electricity and Energy, pages 11 – 12.

Senol, R., 2012, An analysis of solar energy and irrigation systems in Turkey, Energy Policy 47: 478 – 486 .

Shabana, H. R. and N. S. Antoun, 1980, The determination of Leaf Area Indate Palm "BeitroyaZurTropischen Land Wirtschaft and VearinarMedizin", 18 (4): 345 – 349 (C. F. Hort. Abst., 51: 9012).

Sopian, K.; Ali, B.; Asim, N., 2011, Strategies for renewable energy applications in the organization of Islamic conference (OIC) countries, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, volume 15, Issue 9, Pages 4706–4725.

Stamps, R. H., 2007, Effect of Hogland's Solution Concentration and Aeration on Hydroponic PterisVittata Production, Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 120: 337 – 339.

Tawfiq, F. D., 2007, M. N. El-Awady, M. M.; M. M. Hegazy and M. F. M. Abd El-Salam, Utilization of non-traditional energy in water culture for remote areas, Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol. 24. No. 1.

Vick, B. D.; Clark, R. N., 2009, Determining the Optimum Solar Water Pumping System for Domestic Use, Livestock Watering or Irrigation, A SES National Solar Conference, American Solar Energy Society.

Wang, S. and F. Zhang. 2004, Effect of different water treatment on photosynthesis characteristics and leaf ultra structure of cucumber growing in solar greenhouse. Acta Hort., 633:397 – 401.
 

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