EFFECT OF GREENHOUSE NIGHT HEATING BY SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Researcher, Protected Cultivation Res. Dept., Horticultural Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.

2 Researcher, Power and Energy Res. Dept., Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

The aim of this experimental work was to investigate the effect of utilizing different rates of dried biogas digester residue as organic fertilizer and solar energy for heating greenhouse on growth, development, productivity, and fruit quality of tomato hybrid (Agiad 7) during winter of two following growing seasons (2013 and 2014). Two similar gable-even-span greenhouses were functioned at EL-Sabahia Horticultural Research Station. The seedlings of tomato hybrid Agiad 7 were planted on the 1st week of December during the two growing seasons under two different greenhouse microclimates. The first greenhouse (GH1) was equipped with a complete heating system utilizing the solar energy, while, the second greenhouse (GH2) was mechanically ventilated during daylight without heating system.
Referring to the effect of the solar heating system on the greenhouse microclimate, the obtained results revealed that, the maximum and minimum indoor air temperatures of greenhouse (GH1) were (24.3 and 11.6), (26.0 and 12.1), (28.1 and 15.2), (28.6 and 16.3) and (30.6 and 17.1) oC during the experimental period (from December to April), respectively. On the other hand, the maximum and minimum indoor air temperatures of the greenhouse (GH2) were (25.3 and 6.0), (26.8 and 6.3), (28.0 and 10.8), (29.8 and 13.4) and (32.6 and 15.3) oC during the same period, respectively. Referring to the effect of organic fertilizer rates on the tomato plant vegetative growth, showed that increasing the organic fertilizer rate significantly increased all the studied characters; plant length, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, dry weight and stem diameter in both seasons whereas, the fresh weight increase was not significant in 2014 season.
The data also, showed that plants fertilized with 30 m3/fed from dried biogas residue gave the best vegetative growth characteristics; plant height, leaf area, fresh, dry weight per plant and stem diameter as compared with other used organic levels in both seasons. Early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were significantly increased by increasing the organic fertilizer rate in both 2013 and 2014 seasons.
For the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 28.64, 13.04, 6.89, 20.84 and 20.84%, respectively for dried biogas residue of 30 m3/fed over those of farm yard manure, respectively in 2013 season. For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 13.18, 16.29, 8.30, 25.52 and 25.52%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season. Whereas, in the second season 2014, for the heated greenhouse (GH1), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 24.87, 11.18, 6.89, 18.86 and 18.86%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residue, respectively. For the unheated greenhouse (GH2), the percentages increase in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan over those of farm yard manure were 17.18, 16.29, 5.87, 22.84 and 22.84%, respectively for 30 m3/fed dried biogas residues in same season.
Concerning effect of the microclimatic conditions of (GH1) it was at and around the optimal level for the tomato crop, resulting in increase the tomato growth, development, and productivity. The percentages increase for greenhouse GH1 over GH2 greenhouse in early yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield per plant and total yield per feddan were 21.32, 17.42, 12.87, 32.28 and 32.28%, respectively, in 2013 season while, they were 16.06, 15.33, 10.14, 27.08 and 27.08%, respectively in 2014 season.

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Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 4
October 2016
Pages 1615-1648

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