SUCCESSIVE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE DEFICIT WATER RESOURCES IN HYDOPONICS AND SOILLESS GREEN FODDER PRODUCTION

Hegab, Khaled K.

doi:10.21608/mjae.2017.96210

SUCCESSIVE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE DEFICIT WATER RESOURCES IN HYDOPONICS AND SOILLESS GREEN FODDER PRODUCTION

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Khaled K. Hegab

Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Cairo Univ., Egypt.

10.21608/mjae.2017.96210

Abstract

Maximization of water use efficiency (WUE) in green fodder production in the arid regions is considered critical issue for overcoming the limitation of water resources. Therefore, three experiments were executed using electric controller system to manage the deficit water resources inside hydroponics and soilless green fodder production system. Single, double, and triple programs for water management were applied in the first, second, and third experiments respectively. Irrigation intervals “4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and14h” and irrigation durations “30, 45, and 60sec.” were used as main variables in these experiments. The consumed water, fresh weight of the produced green fodder, dry matter weight, dry matter percentage, water use efficiency and germination percentage were taken as main indicators. The statistical analysis of the results revealed that water use efficiency values for the best treatment in the first, second, and third exponent are 49.11, 79.92 and, 109.01 ”gram of dry matter /liter of water” respectively. Therefore, applying triple successive programs “60 sec. per 6h in the initial period, “45 sec. per 10h in the intermediate period” and “30 sec. per 12h in the final period” is considered the best management of the deficit water resources inside hydroponics and soilless green fodder production systems.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Biosystems Engineering

References

Abd-Rbo, G. Hegab, K. El-Behairy U. and El-sawy W 2015, Effect micro irrigation systems, irrigation period and seed thickness on barley sprout production, International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2(Proceedings), pp. 086-096, 2015

Abdelkader T. Elsanabary, A.M.H 2015, Environmental and hydrological impact of grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam of the Nile River, International Water Technology Journal, IWTJ, Vol. 5 –No.4, 260-271.

Afzal a M., c, A. Battilani b, D. Solimando b, and R. Ragab a 2016, Improving water resources management using different irrigation strategies and water qualities: Field and modelling study, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 176, October 2016, Pages 40–54

A.O.A.C., 2000. Official methods of an analysis. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC., USA .969.3 and 969.39 fatty acids in oils and fats preparation of Methyl Ester Boron Fluoride—AOAC-IUPAC Method Codex – adopted –AOAC Method. Chapter 41, P.19-20.

Batisha, A.F 2011, Cooperative shared water resources management in the Nile river basin: The engine for growth. Fifteenth Int. Water Technology Conf., IWTC-15, Alexandria, Egypt.

Cabrera, E., & Cobacho, R. (Eds.) 2002, Challenges of the new water policies for the XXI century: Proceedings of the Seminar on Challenges of the New Water Policies for the 21st Century, Valencia, pp. 29-31, Taylor & Francis.

Costa a J.M., Vaz c M., Escalona d J., Egipto b R., Lopes b C., Medrano d H., Chaves a M. M. 2016, Modern viticulture in southern Europe: Vulnerabilities and strategies for adaptation to water scarcity, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 164, Part 1, Pages 5–18.

Clerck C. D. A. Kaddes, M. Fiers, L Jallais, O Parisi1 , M. Fauconnier, S. Massart , M. H. Jijakli 2016, Identification and characterization of volatile organic compounds active against barley pathogens, Biological and integrated control of plant pathogens, IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 117, 2016, pp. 238-241.

Dominguesa D. S., H. W. Takahashib, C. A.P. Camaraa, S. L. Nixdorf 2012, Automated system developed to control pH and concentration of nutrient solution evaluated in hydroponic lettuce production, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 84, , Pages 53-61

Edwards, J. 2010, Barley growth & development, Industry & Investment NSW District Agronomist (Cowra), State of New South Wales through Department of Industry and Investment (Industry & Investment NSW). http://www.industry.nsw.gov.au

Elsanabary, M. H., & Gan, T. Y. 2013. Wavelet Analysis of Seasonal Rainfall Variability of the Upper Blue Nile Basin, its Teleconnection to Global Sea Surface Temperature, and its Forecasting by an Artificial Neural Network. Monthly Weather Review, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00085.1

Elsanabary, M. and Gan, T. 2015. ”Weekly Stream Flow Forecasting Using a Statistical Disaggregation Model for the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 20(5), 04014064.

Fazaeli, H., H.A. Golmohammadi, S.N. Tabatabayee and M. Asghari-Tabrizi 2012, Productivity and Nutritive Value of Barley Green Fodder Yield in Hydroponic System, World Applied Sciences Journal 16 (4): 531-539.

Fereres, E., M. A. Soriano 2006, Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use, Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 58, Issue 2 : Pp. 147-159.

Fereres, E., Soriano, M.A. 2007, Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use J. Exp. Bot. 58, 147-158.

Geert, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M. 2008, Introducing deficit irrigation to stabilize yields of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Europ. J. Agronomy 28, Pp 427–436.

Geerts S, D. Raes, M. Garcia, J. Vacher, R. Mamani, J. Mendoza, R. Huanca, B. Morales, R. Miranda, J. Cusicanqui, C. Taboada 2008, Introducing deficit irrigation to stabilize yields of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Europ. J.Agronomy 28 (2008) 427–436.

Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Mendoza, J., Huanca, R 2008. Indicators to quantify the flexible phenology of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in response to drought stress. Field Crop. Res. 108, 150-156.

Ghazi N. Al-Karaki and M. Al-Hashimi 2012, Green Fodder Production and Water Use Efficiency of Some Forage Crops under Hydroponic Conditions, International Scholarly Research Network, ISRN Agronomy, Volume 2012, Article ID 924672, 5 pages.

Giri, F. 2013, AC electric motor control, advanced design techniques and applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom.

Hak-JinKim, Won-KyungKim, Mi-YoungRoh, Chang-IkKang, Jong-MinPark, Kenneth A.Sudduthe 2013, Automated sensing of hydroponic macronutrients using a computer-controlled system with an array of ion-selective electrodes, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 93, Pages 46-54

Herman S. L. 2010, Electric Motor Controls, Ninth Edition, 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA, http://opac.vimaru.edu.vn/edata/EBook/TNBook/TL%20tong%20hop/Control/9781435485754.pdf

Howell, T. A. 2001, Enhancing Water Use Efficiency in Irrigated Agriculture, Agronomy Journal Vol. 93 No. 2, Pp. 281-289.

Iglesias A., Garrote L. 2015, Adaptation strategies for agricultural water management under climate change in Europe, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 155, June 2015, Pages 113–124.

Kijne, J.W., Barker, R., Molden, D. 2003. Improving water productivity in agriculture: editor's overview. In: Kijne, J.W., Barker, R.M.D. (eds.), Water productivity in agriculture: limits and opportunities for improvement. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka , p. xi-xix.

Martínez-Alvarez V., García-Bastida P. A., Martin-Gorriz B., Soto-García M. 2014, Adaptive strategies of on-farm water management under water supply constraints in south-eastern Spain, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 136, April 2014, Pages 59–67.

Moeller 2011, Wiring Manual, Eaton Industries GmbH, 53105 Bonn, Germany. http://www.moeller.net/binary/schabu/wiring_man_en.pdf

Netoa A. J. , S. Zolnier, D. C. Lopes 2014, Development and evaluation of an automated system for fertigation control in soilless tomato production, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 103, Pages 17-25

Petruzella F. D. 2010, Electric motors and control systems, McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. https://sarviechousite.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/electric-motors-and-control-systems.pdf

Pratiwi, C., Rahayu, W. P., Lioe, H. N., Herawati, D., Broto, W. and Ambarwati, S. 2015, The effect of temperature and relative humidity for Aspergillus flavus BIO 2237 growth and aflatoxin production on soybeans, International Food Research Journal 22(1): 82-87 (2015) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my

Poonam P. 2015, Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Seed Mycoflora of Charoli and Almond, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, Vol. 4(9), 10-15, Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me

Popovski S., F. A.Celar 2012, The impact of environmental factors on the infection of cereals with Fusarium species and mycotoxin production – a review, Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 101 - 1, marec 2013 str. 105 – 116. http://aas.bf.uni-lj.si/marec2013/12Popovski.pdf

Shangguan, Z., Shao M, Horton R, Lei , T., Qin, L , and Ma, J. 2002, A model for regional optimal allocation of irrigation water resources under deficit irrigation and its applications, Volume 52, Issue 2, 3, Pp 139–154.

Shahrokhnia M. H., Sepaskhah A. R. 2016, Effects of irrigation strategies, planting methods and nitrogen fertilization on yield, water and nitrogen efficiencies of safflower, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 172, Pages 18–30.

Steduto, P., T. C. Hsiao , E. Fereres, and D. Raes 2012, Crop yield response to water, FAO irrigation and drainage paper 66, Vially delle Termi di Caracalla, 00153 Rome Italy.

Suleiman, R. A. Rosentrater, K. A. Bern, C. J. 2013, Effects of deterioration parameters on storage of maize, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Conference Proceedings and Presentations, Paper Number: 131593351, ASABE. rutter@asabe.org or 269-932-7004 (2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 USA).

Ünlü, M., Kanber, R., Senyigit, U., Onaran, H., Diker, K. 2006. Trickle and sprinkler irrigation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the middle Anatolian region in Turkey. Agric. Water Manage 79, 43-71.

Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B. A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74, 3583-3597.

Yenesew M., K Tilahun 2009, Yield and water use efficiency of deficit-irrigated maize in a semi-arid region of Ethiopia. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Vol 9, No 8.

Yousefi M, Mahdavi D. A, Khoshbakht K, Veisi H 2011, Renewable and nonrenewable energy use pattern of rainfed wheat agroecosystems. Iran. World Appl Sci. J 13(6): 1398-1403.

Yousefi M, Mohammadi A 2011, Economical analysis and Energy use efficiency in Alfalfa production systems. Iran. Scientific Research and Essays 6 (11): 2332-2336.