MAXIMIZING OF SURFACE IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF COWPEA IN CLAY SOIL

Khalifa, S. M.; Okasha, A. M.; Hegazi, R. A.; Hommos, A. A.

doi:10.21608/mjae.2018.95762

MAXIMIZING OF SURFACE IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF COWPEA IN CLAY SOIL

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Professor of Agric. Eng., Agric. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

² Associate Prof of Agric. Eng., Agric. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

³ Post-Graduate, Agric. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

10.21608/mjae.2018.95762

Abstract

Alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) is gaining interest as a mean of saving water while minimizing loss in crop production. Field experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, during growing season of 2016-2017. The present work included the following: Irrigation systems (Furrow surface irrigation and surface drip irrigation (SDI)). However, different techniques had been investigated with surface irrigation (alternative furrow (AFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) with a furrow length of 20, 30 and 40 m. The experiment was designed as split plot with three replications, where irrigation systems used as the main plot and furrow length as sub-plot. The ranges of mean cowpea yield gained from irrigation system were 932.33, 910.52 and 1179.52 kg/fed for CFI, AFI and SDI respectively. The effect of furrow length and their interaction with irrigation system on yield were non-significant but the irrigation system has significant effect on yield (P<0.01). The maximum and minimum yield was obtained at length of 20 m for SDI and length of 40 m for AFI, which were 34.37 kg and 25.26 kg, respectively. The effect of irrigation system on the water use efficiency (WUE) was significant (p<0.01). The average WUE was decreased from 11.57 to 8.10 kg/m³ when the furrow length increased from 20 m to 40 m. The range of mean values of WUE due to the effect of furrow length from 20 to 40m was highly significant (P<0.01) only. The average of WUE was increased from 5.81 to 9.87 and 13.41 kg/m³ for CFI, AFI and SDI systems, respectively. The highest and lowest values of irrigation depth (ID), water application efficiency (WAE), water distribution efficiency (WDE) and applied water (AW) were 17.65-10.12cm, 75.25-52.46 %, 73.37 -36.45% and 61.20.

Main Subjects

Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

References

Acar B.; R. Topak; D. Yavu and M. A. Kalender (2014). Is Drip irrigation technique sustainable solution in agriculture for semi-arid regions? A case study of Middle Anatolian region. Turk In. J. Agric. Econ. Dev. 2(2):1–8

Anmut, S. E. (2007). Evaluation of the Effect of Flow Rate and Furrow Length on Irrigation Efficiencies and Water Use. M.Sc. Thesis. Haramaya University.

Assefa, S.; Y. Kedir and T. Alamirew (2017). Effects of Slopes, Furrow Lengths and Inflow Rates on Irrigation Performances and Yield of Sugarcane Plantation at Metehara, Ethiopia. Irrigat Drainage Sys Eng 6: 179.

Bahrani, A. and J. Pourreza, (2016). Effect of alternate furrow irrigation and potassium fertilizer on seed yield, water use efficiency and fatty acids of rapeseed. Volumen 34, Nº 2. Páginas 35-41 IDESIA (Chile) Abril, 2016.

Bakker, D. M.; S. R. Raine and M. J. Robertson (1995). A preliminary investigation ofalternate furrow irrigation for sugar cane production. In: Conference Proc.‘Clean Water-Clean Environment-21st Century, March 1995, Kansas City, Missouri, ASAE.

Chiulele, R. M. (2010) Breeding Cowpea for Improved Drought Tolerance in Mozambique. PhD Thesis, University of Kwazulu Natal.

Du, T. S.; S. Z. Kang; J. S. Sun; X. Y. Zhang and J. H. Zhang (2010). An improved water use efficiency of cereals under temporal and spatial deficit irrigation in north China. Agricultural Water Management 97(1), 66-74.

Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11:1–42.

Eldeiry, A. A.; L. A. Garcia; A. S. A. El-Zaher and E. M. Kiwan (2005). Furrow Irrigation System Design for Clay Soils in AridRegions. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Vol. 21(3):411−420.

El-Shaieny, A. H. (2017). Drought tolerance of some cowpea genotypes under Upper Egypt conditions. Nat Sci 2017;15(5):22-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167.

El-Zeiny, H. A.; A. K. AbdEl-Halim and A. A. El-Noemani (1989).Response of maize to irrigation intervals nuder different levels of Phosphours fertilization. Egypt. J. Appl. S., 4(4): 1- 11.

FAO (1980). Irrigation and drainage, paper 36. Localized irrigation. Rome.

Felipe, H. B. and L. E. Jackson (2011). Alternate Furrow Irrigation Reduces Water Applied without Yield Reduction in California Processing Tomatoes, The Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (Western SARE - GW 10-010)

Fereres, E. and M. A. Soriano (2007). Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Special issue on ‘Integrated approaches to sustain and improve plant production under drought stress’. J Exp Bot 58:147–159

Golzardi, F.; A. Baghdadi and K. Afshar (2017). Alternate furrow irrigation affects yield and water-use efficiency of maize under deficit irrigation. Crop and Pasture Science 68(8) 726-734.

Habib, I. M. (1992). Irrigation systems of desert lands for open education students (In Arabic text book). Cairo Univ.

Hart, W. E.; H. G. Collins; G. Woodward and A. S. Humpherys (1980). Design and operation of gravity or surface irrigationsystems. In M. E. Jensen (ed.), Chap. 13 Design and Operation ofFarm Irrigation Systems. American Society of AgriculturalEngineers. Michigan. No. 3. pp. 501-580.

Horst, M. G.; S. S. Shamutalov; L. S. Pereira and J. M. Goncalves (2005). Field assessment of the water saving potential with furrow irrigation in Fergana, Aral Sea basin. Agricultural Water Management 77(1-3), 210-231.

Ibrahim, M. A. M. and T. K. Emara (2010). Water saving under alternative furrows surface Irrigation in clay soils of north Nile delta. Fourteenth International Water Technology Conference (IWTC), Cairo, Egypt (21-23 March 2010), 811–821.

James, L. G. (1988) "Principles of farm irrigation system design". John willey & sons, inc.

Khalifa, E. M. A. (2009). "Sugar beet production under drip irrigation in heavy clay soil". Ph.D. Thesis, Ag. Mech. Dept., Fac. Ag., kaferelsheik University, Egypt.

Mashori, A. S. (2013). Evaluation of the performance of the alternate furrow irrigation under climatic conditions of Sindh. M. E. Thesis, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan

Michael, A. M. (1978). Irrigation Theory and Practice, Vikas Publishing House Ltd. New Delhi. pp.547-568.

Michael, A. M.; S. Mohan and K. R. Swaminathan (1972). Design and Evaluation of Irrigation Systems.Water TechnologyCenter, Indian Agricultural Research Institute. New Delhi. 189p

Montoro A, L.-F. P. (2011). Improving on-farm water management through an irrigation scheduling service. Irrigation Science, 29,311-319.

Mulei, M. J. (2015). Growth and yield of selected vegetables under alternate furrow irrigation in the “ASAL”areas of Eastern Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.

Peters, D.B. (1965). " Water availability." In "Systems of soil analysis". Amer. Soc. Agron. Mon., 9:281.

Rafiee, M. and G. Shakarami (2010). Water use efficiency of corn as affected by every other furrow irrigation and planting density. World Appl. Sci. J. 11 (7), 826–829.

Sahin, U.; S. Ors; F. M. Kiziloglu and Y. Kuslu (2014). Evaluation of water use and yield responses of drip-irrigated sugar beet with different irrigation techniques. Chil J Agric Res 74:302–310

Sander, J. Z. and M. Luice (2010). A remote sensing-based irrigation performance assessment - A case study of office DU Niger in Mali. Irrigation Science, 28,371-385.

Sepaskhah, A. R. and M. Ghasemi (2008). Every other furrow irrigation with different intervals for sorghum. Pak J. Biol. Sci. 11 (9), 1234–1239.

Siyala, A.A.; A.S. Mashorib; K. L. Bristowc and M. Th. Genuchten (2016). Alternate furrow irrigation can radically improve water productivity of okra, Agricultural Water Management 173 (2016) 55–60

Slatni, A.; K. Zayani; A. Zairi; S. Yacoubi; R. Salvador and E. Playan (2011). Assessingalternate furrow strategies for potato at the Cherfech irrigation district ofTunisia. J. Biosyst. Eng. 108 (2), 154–163.

Snedecor, G.W. and W. G. Cochran (1980). Statistical systems, 7th Ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

Stickic R, P. S. (2003). Partial Root Drying-A new Technique for growing plants that saves water and improves quality of fruit. Bulgarian Journal Of Plant Physiology , special issue;164-171.

Stone, J. F., and D. L. Nofziger (1993). Water use and yields of cotton grown underwide-spaced furrow irrigation. Agric. Water Manag. 24 (1), 27–38.

Tennakoon, S. B. and S. P. Milroy (2003). Crop water use and water used efficiency on irrigated cotton farms in Australia. Agricultural Water Management.Vol. 61, pp.179-194.

Yigezu, T.T. and K.Narayanan (2016). Effect of Furrow Length and Flow Rate on Irrigation Performances and Yield of Maize. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 5 Issue 04, April-2016.