MODELING OF THE THERMAL LOADS AND ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HYDRPONICS SPROUTS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Agric. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Cairo University, Egypt.

Abstract

Sprouting green fodder production systems (SGFPS) are considered highly condensed agro-industrial systems in terms of electric energy consumption. Therefore, price rising or scarcity of electric energy of the traditional source “Public Network of Electricity” constitutes critical issue in the SGFPS management. Additionally, engineering criteria to determine the technical specifications of suitable electric solar system (ESS) as an alternative source of energy are not found. Therefore, the research main objectives were to construct mathematical model, to determine the thermal loads, to determine the best alternatives of energy conservation, and to develop an engineering criteria to specify suitable ESS. To execute these objectives a mathematical model was constructed and used in the determination of type and quantity of the thermal loads. Statistical trial was designed and executed to determine the best alternative for energy conservation. Engineering criteria were developed to determine the technical specifications of the ESS. The results showed that: The mathematical model is valid to use. The thermal equilibrium is going for cooling direction. The cooling loads are located between 5915.3 and 7739.9 BTU/h. The thermal properties of the building materials are responsible on saving 65% of the thermal loads. Operations management is responsible on saving 35% of the thermal loads, and the engineering criteria should be effective in order to determine the technical specifications of the electric solar energy source to reduce the reliance on conventional source “Public Network of Electricity” (PNE).     

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmad, M. J.; G.N. Tiwari, A. K. Singh, M. Sharma, and H.N. Singh 2010 Heating/cooling potential and carbon credit earned for dome shaped house, IJEE Volume 1, Issue 1, 2010 pp.133-148
Andarini, R.  2014 The Role of Building Thermal Simulation for Energy Efficient Building Design Energy Procedia 47:217–226
Bambara, J. and A. Athienitis 2015 Experimental evaluation and energy modeling of a greenhouse concept with semi-transparent photovoltaics, Energy Procedia 78 ( 2015 ) 435–440
Barbosa, G. L.; F. D. A. Gadelha, N. Kublik, A. Proctor, L. Reichelm, E. Weissinger, G. M. Wohlleb and R. U. Halden 2015 Comparison of land, water, and energy requirements of lettuce grown using hydroponic vs. conventional agricultural methods, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 6879-6891
Bellos, E.;  C. Tzivanidis, A. Kouvari, K. A. Antonopoulos 2015 Comparison of heating and cooling loads of a typical building with TRNSYS and EQUEST Conference: Global Conference on Global Warming (GCGW 2015), At Athens, Greece, pp:1-12 Available at: Evangelos Bellos
Burdick, A.  2011 Strategy Guideline: Accurate Heating and Cooling Load Calculations, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 pp: 1-35, https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/51603.pdf
Chen, J.; Fang Xu, D. Tan, Z. Shen, L. Zhang, Q. Ai 2015 A control method for agricultural greenhouses heating based on computational fluid dynamics and energy prediction model. Applied Energy, Volume 141, 1 March 2015, Pages 106-118
Cheng, Y.; B. Yang, Z. Lind, J. Yang, J. jia, Z. Du 2018 Cooling load calculation methods in spaces with stratified air: A brief review and numerical investigation, Energy and Buildings Volume 165, 15 April 2018, Pages 47-55
ChouK S.K., .J. Chua, J. C. Ho, C. L. Ooi 2004 On the study of an energy-efficient greenhouse for heating, cooling and dehumidification applications, Applied Energy, Volume 77, Issue 4, April 2004, Pages 355-373
Ciprian, B.;  Gh. Brătucu 2014 THEORETICAL OVERALL ENERGY BALANCE IN A GREENHOUSE FOR FLOWERS 3rd International Conference Research & Innovation in Engineering COMAT 2014 16-17 October 2014, Braşov, Romania :252-257
El-Ramady, H. R.; S. M. El-Marsafawy, L. N. Lewis 2013 Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Changes in Egypt, E. Lichtfouse (ed.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 12, 41 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5961-9_2, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, pp: 41-95
Farrell E., M. I. Hassan,  R. A.Tufa, A. Tuomirantaa, A. H. Avci, A. Politanoc , E. Curcio, H. A. Arafat 2017 Reverse electrodialysis powered greenhouse concept for water- and energy-self-sufficient agriculture, Applied Energy, Vol. 187: Pp 390-409
Hall, M.; A. Geissler, B. Burger 2014 Two years of experience with a net zero energy balance – analysis of the Swiss MINERGIE-A® standard, Energy Procedia 48:1282–1291
Hussein, M. M. A. and Mohamed, E. E. E. 2016 Temperature Trend over Nile Delta, Egypt in 20th Century, Advances in Research 7(2): 1-14, Article no.AIR.25466
Icorpora, F.P.; Jon Wily, D.P. Bergman, T.L. Lavine, A.S. 2007 Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, John Wily, & Sons. Inc., 111 River Street Hobken, NJ-07030-5775, (201)746-6001.
Kempen, M.; T. Kraenzlein 2008 Energy Use in Agriculture: A Modeling Approach to Evaluate Energy Reduction Policies, The 107th EAAE Seminar "Modelling of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies". Sevilla, Spain, January 29th -February 1st, 2008: 1-15
Marucci A., A. Cappuccini 2016 Dynamic photovoltaic greenhouse: Energy efficiency in clear sky conditions, Applied Energy, Volume 170, 15 May 2016, Pages 362-376
Mesmoudi, K.;  A. Soudani, B. Zitouni, P.E. Bournet, Lazhar Serir 2010 Experimental study of the energy balance of unheated greenhouse under hot and arid climates: Study for the night period of winter season, Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences (2010) 9, 27–37
Mohammadi A., M. Omid 2010 Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran, Applied Energy, Volume 87, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 191-196
Morken, J.: K. Fjortoft and T. Briseid 2015 AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS PLANTS – ENERGY BALANCE, NJF 25th Congress: 370-374
Nadal, P. Llorach-Massana, E. Cuerva, E. ópez-Capel, J. I. Montero, A. Josa, J. Rieradevall, M. Royapoor 2017 Building-integrated rooftop greenhouses: An energy and environmental assessment in the mediterranean context, Applied Energy, Volume 187, 1 February 2017, Pages 338-351
Onwuka, O. 2013 Energy Heat Balance for Buildings, A Review Analysis, IJSTR, Volume 2, Issue 8:142-148
Priarone, A.; M Fossa, E Paietta and D Rolando  2017 Energy demand hourly simulations and energy saving strategies in greenhouses for the Mediterranean climate, Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 796 (2017) 012027; 1-9
Scofield, J. H.  2013 Efficacy of LEED-certification in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission for large New York City office buildings, Energy and Buildings 67 (2013) 517–524
Scognamiglio, A. and H. N. Røstvik 2012 Photovoltaics and zero energy buildings: a new opportunity and challenge for design, Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/pip.2286
Serageeldin, A. A.;  A. K.Abdelrahman, A. H. H. Ali, M. R. O. ALI, and S. Ookawara 2015 Soil  Temperature  Profile  for  some  New  Cities  in Egypt:  Experimental  Results  and  Mathematical Model, 14th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies – SET 2015, 25th - 27th of August 2015, Nottingham, UK.
SongJ., W. Yang, Y. Higano, X. Wang 2015 Dynamic integrated assessment of bioenergy technologies for energy production utilizing agricultural residues: An input–output approach Applied Energy, Vol. 158:Pp 178-189
Thomas, V. C. 2017 Building energy simulation and performance, E. Course, College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, Illinois, USA, http://energy-models.com/advanced-training
Trejo-Téllez, L. I.; and F. C. Gómez-Merino 2012 Nutrient Solutions for Hydroponic Systems, InTech China Unit 405, Office Block, Hotel Equatorial Shanghai No.65, Yan An Road (West), Shanghai, 200040, China, http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/33765/...solutions_for_hydroponic_systems.pdf
Uddin, S.; H. Shareef, A. Mohamed, M. A Hannan 2012 Harmonics and thermal characteristics of low wattage LED lamps, PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY (Electrical Review), ISSN 0033-2097, R. 88 NR 11a/2012
Vadiee A., V. Martin 2014 Energy management strategies for commercial greenhouses, Applied Energy, Volume 114, February 2014, Pages 880-888
Van Beveren P.J.M., J. Bontsema, G. Van Straten, E. J. Van Henten 2015b Minimal heating and cooling in a modern rose greenhouse, Applied Energy, Volume 137, 1 January 2015, Pages 97-109
Van Beveren P.J.M., J.Bontsema, G.van Straten, E.J.van Henten 2015a Optimal control of greenhouse climate using minimal energy and grower defined bounds, Author links open overlay panel, Applied Energy, Volume 159, 1 December 2015, Pages 509-519
Wang, X.; C. Huang and Z. Zou 2016 The analysis of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of a large-scale commercial building in Shanghai, China XinWang, Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2016, Vol. 8(2) 1–8
Yadav, D. K.; A. Srivastava, A. Chauhan, G. Tripathi, A. Kumar 2017 Cooling load estimation of room, IRJET Volume: 04 Issue: 05
Zhang J., P. E. Campana, T. Yao,Y. Zhang, A. undblad, F. Melton, J. Yan 2017 The water-food-energy nexus optimization approach to combat agricultural drought: a case study in the United States, Applied Energy, Available online
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 3
July 2018
Pages 1125-1148

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics