ELASTICITY PROPERTIES OF DATE FRUITS UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION TO PREDICT PACKAGE HEIGHT

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Assoc. Prof., Ag. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation on the physical and elasticity properties of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, cv. Khudary) during three stages of repining (Khelaal, Rutab and Tamr) for two years (2014 and 2015) to predict the package height of date fruit. Four irrigation treatments were studied: (ET1): 1.0 ETc ) one time potential crop evapotranspiration(, ET2: 0.85 ETc, ET3: 0.75 ETc and ET4 :0.65 ETc). The physical properties included date mass, volume, dimensions, moisture content, bulk density, solid density, flesh thickness, flesh mass and elasticity of fruits. The elasticity properties of fruit included young's modulus of elasticity (E), firmness coefficient (FC), bio-yield stress point (σb), bio-yield strain point (εb), rupture stress point (σr) and rupture strain point (εr). The results showed that the deficit irrigation affected both physical and mechanical properties, therefore, affected on package height of date fruits. The maximum packing heights for Khellal, Rutab and Tamr were 6360.51, 654.2 and 1850 mm with ET1, ET2 and ET3, respectively. While, the minimum packing heights for Khellal, Rutab and Tamr were 3738, 206.6 and 1411 mm with ET4, ET3 and ET1, respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Anazodo, U. G. N. 1983. Mechanical properties of the corn cob in simple bending. Transactions of the ASAE 2351:1229-1233.
AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis.16th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Wash., DC.
Babić, L. J. ; M. Radojćin; I. Pavkov; M. Babić; J. Turan, M. Zoranović, and S. Stanišić, 2013. Physical properties and compression loading behavior of corn seed. Int.l Agrophysics, 27, 119-126.
Costa, J. M.; M. F. Ortuno and M. M. Chaves. 2007. Deficit irrigation as a strategy to save water: physiology and potential application to horticulture. J. Integrative Plant Bio. 49: 1421–1434.
Emadi, B. ; M. H. Abbaspour-Fard; and P. Yarlagadda. 2009. Mechanical properties of melon measured by compression, shear, and cutting modes. Int. J. Food Properties; 12(4): 780-790.
Ghaziani, M. F. ; A. R. Berimavandi; A. M. Torkashvand; D. Hashemabadi, and B. Kaviani.  2012.  Influence of plant density and irrigation method on the growth, flowering and quantity of essential oil of calendula.  Indian J. of Fundamental and Applied Life Sci., 2(2): 184-190.
Ghonimy, M. I. and M. A. Kassem. 2011. The elasticity characteristics of palm date. Misr, J. Ag. Eng., 28 (2): 386 – 400.
Jahromi, M. K. ; S. Rafiee; R. Mirasheh; A. Jafari; S. S. Mohtasebi, and Ghasemi V. M. 2007. Mass and surface area modeling of bergamot (Citrus medica) fruit with some physical attributes. Agric. Eng. Int.: the CIGR Ejournal, 4: 1-11.   
 Jahromi, M. K. ; S. Rafiee; A. Jafari; B. M. R.Ghasemi; R. Mirasheh and S. S.  Mohtasebi . 2008. Some physical properties of date fruit (cv. Dairi). Int. Agrophysics, 22: 221-224.
 Khojastehnazhand, M.; M. Omid and A. Tabatabaeefar. 2009. Determination of orange volume and surface area using image processing technique. Int. Agrophysics, 23: 237-242.
Kubík, L. and V. Kažimírová. 2015. Determination of mechanical properties of apple cultivar golden delicious. J. Proc. and Energy in Agric.19 (1): 17-20.
Lorestani, A. N and A.  Tabatabaeefar . 2006. Modeling the mass of kiwi fruit by geometrical attributes. Int. Agrophysics, 20: 135-139.
Mead, R., R.N. Curnow and A.M. Hasted. 2002. Statistical Methods in Agriculture and Experimental Biology. 3rd Ed. Springer-Sci.+ Business Media Pub.UK.
Mohsenin, N. N. 1978. Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Pub. N. Y., USA.
Omid, M.; M. Khojastehnazhand, and A. Tabatabaeefar. 2010. Estimating volume and mass of citrus fruits by image processing technique. J. of Food Eng., 100 (2): 315-321.
Ouda. S; K. Abd El-Latif and F.  Khalil. 2016. Water Requirements for Major Crops -Major Crops and Water Scarcity in Egypt - Irrigation Water Management under Changing Climate. Springer Int.  Pub. USA.
Pirzad, A., M. R. Shakiba, S. Z. Salmasi; S. A. Mohammadi; H. Hadi and R. Darvishzadeh.   2011.  Effects of irrigation regime and plant density on harvest index of German chamomile.  AJAE, 2 (5): 120-126.
Rastegar, S., M. Rahemi, A. Baghizadeh, and M. Gholami. 2012. Enzyme activity and biochemical changes of three date palm cultivars with different softening pattern during ripening. Article in J. Food Chemistry. 134(3):1279-1286
Shigley, J. E.; C. R. Mischke; C. R. and R. G. Budynas. 2014. Mechanical Engineering Design. MC Graw-Hill, 10th Ed, USA.
Soltani, M. ; R. Alimardani and M. Omid. 2011. Some physical properties of full-ripe banana fruit (Cavendish variety). Int. J. Agri. Sci. Res. &Tec.; 1(1):1-5. 
Taleb, H.; S. E. Maddocks; R. K. Morris  and A. D. Kanekanian 2016. Chemical characterization and the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial properties of date fruit. J. of Ethno-pharmacology.194: 457-468
Tyson, B. L. 1979. A study of the mechanical strength of pecan shells. Ph.D. Thesis, Clemson University. USA.
Terdwongworakul, A.; S. Chaiyapong; B. Jarimopas and W. Meeklangsaenc. 2009. Physical properties of fresh young Thai coconut for maturity sorting. Bio-systems Eng., 103: 208- 216.
Varith, J.; C. Noochuay; T. Khamdang, and A. Ponpai. 2008. Changes in viscoelastic properties of longan during hot-air drying in relation to its indentation. Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech, 2(2): 320-330.
World Meteorological Organization. 2016. World Weather Information Service–Sebha. Retrieved 29 March 2016.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics