EVALUATION OF THE DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES USING DRIP AND GATED PIPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON YIELD OF MAIZE IN HEAVY EGYPTIAN SOIL

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Dr. of Irrigation System, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of surface drip irrigation (D.I.) and gated pipe (G.P.) furrow irrigation systems at four levels of irrigation 120%, 100%, 80% and 60% of the crop water requirement (ETc) on maize (Zea mays L., Varity Single Cross No. 10) grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency in heavy soil. The experimental design was a split- block design (strip design) with four replications in a randomized complete block design. Field study was conducted at Itay El- Baroud, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt.
CROPWAT model was used to evaluate drip and gated pipe irrigation systems and on crop performance under different water irrigation amount. The results showed that there was no significant amount of water losses by deep percolation (DP) in drip irrigation treatments except, in case of crop stress coefficient (Ks) = 1.2, where the DP losses was 52.4 mm which represent 0.8 of the least value of DP losses in furrow gated pipe irrigation treatment at Ks = 0.6. However, under G.P. furrow irrigation the DP reached 225, 135.1, 84.8 and 65.2 mm at gross irrigation depth (dg) of 670.3, 578.5, 486.8 and 395.1 mm respectively.
The field results revealed that the highest amount of water applied was 6702.5 mm at 120% of ETc with G.P. furrow irrigation, and the lowest amount was at surface drip irrigation (D.I.) 2774.9 mm at 60% of ETc. Nevertheless, the highest grain yield was 12.89 t/ha resulted from drip irrigation, and the lowest grain yield was 5.17 t/ha from G.P. furrow irrigation. The highest values of water use efficiency were 3.12, 2.83 and 2.75 kg/m3 which obtained from surface drip irrigation at 80%, 100% and 60% of ETc respectively.
The lowest values of water use efficiency were 1.31, 1.59 and 1.6 kg/m3 which obtained at 60%, 80% and 120 of ETc with G.P. furrow irrigation system respectively. However, D.I. showed grain water production (GWP) better than G.P. by 40% more production with lowest amount of water by 7%.
The statistical analysis of variance revealed highly significant interaction of (irrigation system * irrigation treatment) for all traits studied. The drip irrigation (D.I.) * Ks (1.0) considered the best treatment for most traits, but D.I. * Ks (0.8) is considered the best treatment for GWP in Kg/m3. In average, drip irrigation consumed 74.7 % of water compared to the furrow gated pipe irrigation system at the same water stress. Thus, achieving higher water use efficiencies. This study showed that, for water saving and achieving high water use efficiency, the present study recommended using surface drip irrigation for maize crop in heavy soils over gated pipe furrow irrigation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abou Kheira A. (2005) A study of trickle irrigation systems for irrigating some horticultural crops in Delta soils, Ph. D. thesis. Shebin El-Kom, Minufiya University, Egypt.
Abubaker S., Shawa F., Smaita A. and Mansor T. (2006) Comparison of modern irrigation methods (Drip, Sprinkler) with surface irrigation method (furrow) for maize production. Damascus University Journal for the Agricultural Sciences 22:427-450.
Adeboye O.B., Schultz B., Adekalu K.O. and Prasad K. (2015) Crop water productivity and economic evaluation of drip-irrigated soybeans (Glyxine max L. Merr.). Agriculture & Food Security 4:10.
Allen R.G., Pereira L.S., Raes D. and Smith M. (1998) Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome 300:D05109.
Aly A. and Benaabidate L. (2010) Salinity of water resources in the Siwa Oasis: monitoring and diagnosis. Water–rock interaction. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN:978-970.
Bouwer H. (1986) Intake rate: cylinder infiltrometer, in: A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1—Physical and Mineralogical Methods, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin. pp. 825-844.
Cuenca R.H. (1989) Irrigation system design. An engineering approach Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Doorenbos J. (1975) Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. Food and Agriculture organization. Rome, Irrig. Drainage pap. 24.
Doorenbos J. and Kassam A. (1979) Yield response to water. Irrigation and drainage paper 33:257.
Doorenbos J. and Pruitt W. (1977) Crop water requirements. Irrigation and drainage paper no. 24. Fao, Rome.
El-Shafei A., Allam K. and Hamad T. (2015) Simulation and Field Verification of Water Management Strategies and Wheat Crop Production, The 20th Annual Conference of Misr Society of  Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering and Country Challenges, Faculty of Agricultural, Banha University, Egypt. pp. 427-458.
English M. (1990) Deficit Irrigation. I: Analytical Framework. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 116:399-412.
FAO. (2005) Fertilizer use by crop in Egypt Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations, Rome. pp. 57.
Hassanli A.M., Ebrahimizadeh M.A. and Beecham S. (2009) The effects of irrigation methods with effluent and irrigation scheduling on water use efficiency and corn yields in an arid region. Agricultural Water Management 96:93-99.
Helweg O.J. (1991) Functions of crop yield from applied water. Agronomy Journal 83:769-773.
Hillel D. (1971) Soil and water: Physical principles and processes Academic Press, New York.
Ismail S. (1993a) Optimal irrigation and wheat yield response to applied water. Journal of King Saud University 5:41-56.
Ismail S. (1993b) Sprinkler-irrigated wheat production function and mathematical optimization. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research (Egypt).
Israelson O.W. and Hanson V.E. (1962) Irrigation Principal and Practices, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
Jackson M. (1962) Soil chemical analysis.,(Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood cliffs, NJ, USA.
Kijne J.W., Barker R. and Molden D.J. (2003) Water productivity in agriculture: limits and opportunities for improvement Cabi
In Assosiation with the International Water Management Institute, Wallingford, UK.
Kirda C., Cetin M., Dasgan Y., Topcu S., Kaman H., Ekici B., Derici M.R. and Ozguven A.I. (2004) Yield response of greenhouse grown tomato to partial root drying and conventional deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 69:191-201.
Kori S., Soothar C., Qureshi A. and Ashrafani S. (2017) Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Water use Efficiency and Yield of Maize Crop. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering. and Vet. Sci. 33:54-65.
Marica A. (2005) Study of the CROPWAT model in Romania. Irrigation and Pest and Disease Models: Evaluation in Different Environments and Web-Based Applications, European Commission, Directorate General XII, Science, Research and Development, Environment Research Programme-COST Action 718:62-72.
Melvin S. and Payero J. (2007) Irrigation water conserving strategies for corn, The 19th Annual Central Plains Irrigation Conference & Exposition, Citeseer, Kearney, Nebraska. pp. 53-61.
NeSmith D.S. and Ritchie J.T. (1992) Short- and Long-Term Responses of Corn to a Pre-Anthesis Soil Water Deficit. Agronomy Journal 84:107-113.
Omara A.I. (1997) Implementation and evaluation of gated pipe for furrow irrigation system, Agricultural Engineering Alexandria University, Egypt.
Oweis T.Y. and Hachum A.Y. (2003) 11 Improving Water Productivity in the Dry Areas of West Asia and North Africa. Water productivity in agriculture: limits and opportunities for improvement 1:179.
Payero J.O., Klocke N.L., Schneekloth J.P. and Davison D.R. (2006a) Comparison of irrigation strategies for surface-irrigated corn in West Central Nebraska. Irrigation Science 24:257-265.
Payero J.O., Melvin S.R., Irmak S. and Tarkalson D. (2006b) Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semiarid climate. Agricultural Water Management 84:101-112.
Payero J.O., Tarkalson D.D., Irmak S., Davison D. and Petersen J.L. (2008) Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate. Agricultural Water Management 95:895-908.
Richards L. (1949) Methods of measuring soil moisture tension. Soil Science 68:95.
SAS Institute Inc. (2008) Changes and Enhancements User’s Guide, SAS Technical Report AS/STAT Software, Version 9.1.3, Cary, NC, USA.
Savva A.P. and Frenken K. (2002) Irrigation manual: planning, development monitoring and evaluation of irrigated agriculture with farmer participation.
Shehata A.A.-A. (2009) Comparison among different irrigation systems for deficit-irrigated corn in the Nile Valley. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal.
Steel R.G.D., Torrie J.H. and Dickey D.A. (1980) Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrical approach. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
Stewart J., Cuenca R., Pruitt W., Hagan R. and Tosso J. (1977) Determination and utilization of water production functions for principal California crops, W-67 California Contributing Project Report, University of California
Davis, United States of America. Swennenhuis J. (2006) CROPWAT Version 8.0. Water Resources Development and Management Service, FAO, Rome.
Traore S.B., Carlson R.E., Pilcher C.D. and Rice M.E. (2000) Bt and non-Bt maize growth and development as affected by temperature and drought stress. Agronomy Journal 92:1027-1035.
Trooien T.P., Buschman L.L., Sloderbeck P., Dhuyvetter K.C. and Spurgeon W.E. (1999) Water Use Efficiency of Different Maturity Corn Hybrids and Grain Sorghum in the Central Great Plains. Journal of Production Agriculture 12:377-382.
Zegbe-Domı́nguez J.A., Behboudian M.H., Lang A. and Clothier B.E. (2003) Deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying maintain fruit dry mass and enhance fruit quality in ‘Petopride’ processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.). Scientia Horticulturae 98:505-510.
Zohry A., Ouda S. and Noreldin T. (2016) Solution for Maize production consumption Gap in Egypt, 4th African Regional Conferences on Irrigation and Drainage (ARCID), Aswan, Egypt. pp. 1-12.
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 4
October 2018
Pages 1243-1270

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics