EFFECT OF SOME FACTORS ON WATER DISTILLATION BY SOLAR ENERGY

Younis, Samir M.; El-Shakweer, Mohamed H.; El-danasary, Mossad M.; Gharieb, Adel A.; Mourad, Ragab I.

doi:10.21608/mjae.2010.105848

EFFECT OF SOME FACTORS ON WATER DISTILLATION BY SOLAR ENERGY

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Agric. Eng Dept, Faculty of Agric., Alexandria University, Egypt.

² Soil and Water Sciences Dept, Fayoum Fac of Ag., Cairo University, Egypt.

10.21608/mjae.2010.105848

Abstract

Solar energy may be used for operating any desalination process to be employed directly for distillation of saline water in equipment which serves both as a solar energy absorber and as a distillerIn this study, a solar distillation model is proposed and subjected for testing the concerned parameters. The parameters aimed to evaluate the distiller model performance and were: the water salinity (28, 35 and 58 mmoh/cm, (ds/m), the water depth (6,9 and 12cm), the glass cover thickness ( 2,4 and 6mm), the percentage of daylight (43.7 , 47.4 and 52.1%), the solar radiation, the ambient air temperature, the wind speed and the relative humidity. The performance of the distiller model was characterized as the distillation yield and the collector efficiency. The maximum distillation yield was about 5 L/m² .day at 6 cm water depth, 6 mm glass cover thickness, 28 mmoh/cm water salinity and 52.1% percentage of daylight (during summer season, July and August, 1997). A statistical design based on stepwise regression analysis was utilized which proved to be significant for the included variables at the level of 1% significance.

Main Subjects

Processing Engineering of Agricultural Products

References

Adhikari, R.S.; Humar, A., and M.S. Sodha (1991) Thermal performance of a multi-effect diffusion solar still. Energy Research, 15, 769 - 779.

Adhikari, R.S.; Kumar, A., and G.D. Sootha (1995). Simulation studies on a multi-stage stacked tray solar still. Solar Energy l 54 (5): 317-325.

Frenandez, J. L. and N. Chargoy (1990). Multi-stage indirectly heated solar still. Solar Energy J. 44 (4): 215-223.

Gama, R.M; J. A. O., Pessamha, lA,.Parise, R. and F.E. Saboya. (1986) Analysis of V-groove solar collector with a selective glass cover. Solar Energy J. 63 (6): 509-519.

Hahna and Y. Chen (1998). Numerical study of flow heat transfer Charachteristicsin hot water stores. Solar Energy J. 64 (1):9-18.

Harprect, S.K. (1996) Performance of a solar still: predicted effect of enhanced evaporation area on yield and evaporation temperature. Solar Energy J. 56(3): 261-266.

Hollands, C.E. and M.F. lightstone (1989) A review of low-flow, stratified tank solar water heating systems. Solar Energy J. 43 (2): 97-105.

Kishore, V.V.N.; M.R. Gandhi and K .S. Rao (1986) Experimental and analytical studies of shallow solar pond systems with continuous heat extraction. Solar Energy J. 36 (3): 245-256.

Lund, P.D. and R.S. Keinonen (1984) Radiation transmission measurements for solar ponds. Solar Energy J. 33 (3): 237-240.

Mourad, Ragab. I. (2002). Effect of some factors in water distillation by solar energy. Ph. D thesis, Fayoum Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo 2000.

Tsilingiris, P.T. (1988) An accurate upper estimate for the transmission of solar radiation in salt gradient ponds. Solar Energy J. 40 (1): 41-48

Wang, J. and J. S. Yagoobi (1994) Effects of water turbidity and salt concentration levels 0 penetration of solar radiation under water. Solar Energy J.52 (5): 429-438.