EFFECT OF WATER QUALITY AND LATERALS FLUSHING FREQUENCY ON EMITTERS PERFORMANCE

Kassem, M. A.; Omran, M. S.

doi:10.21608/mjae.2011.105258

EFFECT OF WATER QUALITY AND LATERALS FLUSHING FREQUENCY ON EMITTERS PERFORMANCE

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Assoc. Prof., Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Cairo Univ., Egypt.

10.21608/mjae.2011.105258

Abstract

The effect of two different water qualities (groundwater (GW) and treated sewage effluent (TSE)) and four laterals flushing frequency treatments (non flushing (NF), monthly flushing (MF), fortnightly flushing (FF) and a weekly flushing (WF)) on emitters performance, were studied for total operational time, 1440 h. The emitters performance were evaluated, using the reduction of emitter discharge (q_r), the relative emitter discharge (R) , the coefficient of variation of emitter discharge (CV), the distribution uniformity (DU) and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU). Results indicated that all indices were affected by water quality, laterals flushing frequency and operational time. The values of q_r and CV for the TSE treatments were greater than those for the GW treatments. The values of R, DU and CU for the TSE treatments were lower than those for the GW treatments. The q_r and CV increased and the R, DU and CU decreased as operational time increasing for the GW and TSE treatments. For both GW and TSE treatments, the q_r and the CV were greater, and the R, DU and CU were smaller of WF treatment than those for another treatments. Laterals flushing frequency efficiently alleviate emitter clogging and improved the emitters performance. In a conclusion, WF treatment showed a suitable emitters performance than another treatments of laterals flushing.

Main Subjects

Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

References

Ahmed, B. O.; T. Yamamoto; H. Fujiyama and K. Miyamoto. 2007. Assessment of emitter discharge in microirrigation system as affected by polluted water. Irrig. Drain Syst. 21, 97–107.

ASAE Standards. 2003. EP405.1: Design and installation of microirrigation system. St. Joseph, Michigan, ASAE.

Ayars, J. E.; D. A. Bucks; F. R. Lamm and F. S. Nakayama. 2007. Microirrigation for Crop Production. Design, Operation, and Management. 1^st edition. Elsevier, Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 1–26

Bralts, F.V. and D. C. Kesner. 1983. Drip irrigation field uniformity estimation. Trans. ASAE 26, 1369–1374.

Capra, A. and B. Scicolone. 2004. Emitter and filter test for wastewater reuse by drip irrigation, Agric. Water Manage. 68 (2), 135–149.

Capra, A. and B. Scicolone. 2007. Recycling of poor quality urban wastewater by drip irrigation systems. J. Cleaner Prod. 15, 1529–1534.

De Kreij, C.; A. M. M. van der Burg and W. T. Runia. 2003. Drip irrigation emitter logging in Dutch greenhouses as affected by methane and organic acids. Agric. Water Manage. 60, 73–85.

Guo, X. Y.; Z. Dong and H. L. Gong. 2006. Influence of reclaimed water irrigation on microbial community on lawn soil. Chin. Environ. Sci. 26 (4), 482–485

Hills, D. J. and M. J. Brenes. 2001. Microirrigation of wastewater effluent using drip tape. Appl. Eng. Agric. 17 (3): 303–308.

Hills, D. J.; M. A. Tajrishy and G. Tchobanoglous. 2000. The influence of filtration on ltraviolet disinfection of secondary effluent for microirrigation, Trans. ASAE 43 (6), 1499–1505.

Lamm, F. R. and R. C. Camp. 2007. Microirrigation for Crop Production. Design, Operation, and Management. 1^st edition. Elsevier, Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 473–551.

Liu, H. and G. Huang. 2009. Laboratory experiment on drip emitter clogging with fresh water and treated sewage effluent. Agric. Water Manage. 96 (5), 745–756.

Keller, J. and D. Karmeli. 1974. Trickle irrigation design parameters. Trans. ASAE 17 (4), 678–684.

Ma, M.; Z. Huang; Z. Miao and L. Hou. 2006. Reclaimed water’s influence on corn growth under different irrigation mode. J. Irrig. Drain. 25 (4), 68–70.

Nakayama, F. S. and D. A. Bucks. 1991. Water quality in drip/trickle

irrigation: a review. Irrig. Sci. 12, 187–192.

Nakayama, F. S.; B. J. Boman and D. J. Pitts. 2007. Microirrigation for Crop Production. Design, Operation, and Management. 1^st edition. Elsevier, Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 389–430.

Peng, Z.; P. Yang; S. Ren and Y. Wang. 2006. Impact characteristics of reclaimed water irrigation on the growth rate, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents of lawn grasses.Trans. CSAE 22 (10), 105–108.

Puig-Bargues, J.; G. Arbat; J. Barragan and F. Ramırez de Cartagena. 2005. Hydraulic performance of drip irrigation subunits using WWTP effluents. Agric. Water Manage. 77, 249–262.

Ravina, I.; E. Paz; Z. Sofer; A. Marcu; A. Shisha; G. Sagi; Z. Yechialy and Y. Lev. 1997. Control of clogging in drip irrigation with stored treated municipal sewage effluent, Agric. Water Manage. 33 (2–3), pp. 127–137.

Tajrishy, M. A.; D. J. Hills and G. Tchobanoglous. 1994. Pretreatment of secondary effluent for drip irrigation, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 120 (4), 716–731.

Yang, J.; G. Huang; Q. Huang; H. Liu; J. He and G. Meng. 2003. A preliminary study on turfgrasses water consumption and irrigation schedule with irrigation of sewage effluent. Acta Agrestia Sin. 11 (4), 329–333

Zeng, D. and W. Zhu. 2004. Discussion on problems of sewage irrigation and countermeasures in China. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 22 (4), 221–224.

Zhang, J.; W. Zhao; Z. Wei; Y. Tang and B. Lu. 2007. Numerical and experimental study on hydraulic performance of emitters with arc labyrinth channels. Comput. Electron. Agric. 56, 120–129.